ich stehe mal wieder vor einem Problem, das ich nicht schaffe, selbst zu beheben. Ich bin ganz neu in dem Gebiet Adressen, Pointer, usw. Ich habe mir jetzt mal ein kleines Script gemacht, das in CSS den aktuellen "Kontostand" ausliest. Alles geht soweit, bis auf den Rückgabewert von der Funktion _MemoryPointerRead(). Der Index [0] gibt die Adresse, auf die der Pointer zeigt. [1] Ist der Wert, den diese Adresse hat. [1] ist bei mir immer 0, da die Adresse im Index [0] immer fehlerhaft ist. Sie ist immer: "0x00000000" und dann die richtige Adresse...(z. B. 0x00000000128B2A10). Ich weiß aber nicht, wo der Fehler in der Pointer.au3 entsteht. Als Vorzeitige Lösung habe ich jetzt dieses verwendet:
Code:
$PID = ProcessWait("hl2.exe")
$Mem = _MemoryOpen($PID)
Dim $offset[2]
$offset[0] = "0"
$offset[1] = Dec("D68")
;auslesen
$Add = _MemoryPointerRead("0x223B6D08", $Mem, $offset)
$AddVal = _MemoryRead("0x" & Hex($Add[0]), $Mem)
;schreiben
$Add = _MemoryPointerRead("0x223B6D08", $Mem, $offset)
$AddMem = _MemoryWrite("0x" & Hex($Add[0]), $Mem, $Money)
Code:
#include-once
#region _Memory
;=================================================================================================
; AutoIt Version: 3.1.127 (beta)
; Language: English
; Platform: All Windows
; Author: Nomad
; Requirements: These functions will only work with beta.
;=================================================================================================
; Credits: wOuter - These functions are based on his original _Mem() functions. But they are
; easier to comprehend and more reliable. These functions are in no way a direct copy
; of his functions. His functions only provided a foundation from which these evolved.
;=================================================================================================
;
; Functions:
;
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryOpen($iv_Pid(, $iv_DesiredAccess(, $iv_InheritHandle)))
; Description: Opens a process and enables all possible access rights to the process. The
; Process ID of the process is used to specify which process to open. You must
; call this function before calling _MemoryClose(), _MemoryRead(), or _MemoryWrite().
; Parameter(s): $iv_Pid - The Process ID of the program you want to open.
; $iv_DesiredAccess - (optional) Set to 0x1F0FFF by default, which enables all
; possible access rights to the process specified by the
; Process ID.
; $if_InheritHandle - (optional) If this value is TRUE, all processes created by
; this process will inherit the access handle. Set to TRUE
; (1) by default. Set to 0 if you want it to be FALSE.
; Requirement(s): A valid process ID.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns an array containing the Dll handle and an open handle to
; the specified process.
; On Failure - Returns 0
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = Invalid $iv_Pid.
; 2 = Failed to open Kernel32.dll.
; 3 = Failed to open the specified process.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s):
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryOpen($iv_Pid, $iv_DesiredAccess = 0x1F0FFF, $if_InheritHandle = 1)
If Not ProcessExists($iv_Pid) Then
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $ah_Handle[2] = [DllOpen('kernel32.dll')]
If @Error Then
SetError(2)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $av_OpenProcess = DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'OpenProcess', 'int', $iv_DesiredAccess, 'int', $if_InheritHandle, 'int', $iv_Pid)
If @Error Then
DllClose($ah_Handle[0])
SetError(3)
Return 0
EndIf
$ah_Handle[1] = $av_OpenProcess[0]
Return $ah_Handle
EndFunc
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryRead($iv_Address, $ah_Handle(, $sv_Type))
; Description: Reads the value located in the memory address specified.
; Parameter(s): $iv_Address - The memory address you want to read from. It must be in hex
; format (0x00000000).
; $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; $sv_Type - (optional) The "Type" of value you intend to read. This is set to
; 'dword'(32bit(4byte) signed integer) by default. See the help file
; for DllStructCreate for all types.
; An example: If you want to read a word that is 15 characters in
; length, you would use 'char[16]'.
; Requirement(s): The $ah_Handle returned from _MemoryOpen.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns the value located at the specified address.
; On Failure - Returns 0
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; 2 = $sv_Type was not a string.
; 3 = $sv_Type is an unknown data type.
; 4 = Failed to allocate the memory needed for the DllStructure.
; 5 = Error allocating memory for $sv_Type.
; 6 = Failed to read from the specified process.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s): Values returned are in Decimal format, unless specified as a 'char' type, then
; they are returned in ASCII format. Also note that size ('char[size]') for all
; 'char' types should be 1 greater than the actual size.
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryRead($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $sv_Type = 'dword')
If Not IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $v_Buffer = DllStructCreate($sv_Type)
If @Error Then
SetError(@Error + 1)
Return 0
EndIf
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If Not @Error Then
Local $v_Value = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
Return $v_Value
Else
SetError(6)
Return 0
EndIf
EndFunc
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryWrite($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $v_Data(, $sv_Type))
; Description: Writes data to the specified memory address.
; Parameter(s): $iv_Address - The memory address you want to write to. It must be in hex
; format (0x00000000).
; $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; $v_Data - The data to be written.
; $sv_Type - (optional) The "Type" of value you intend to write. This is set to
; 'dword'(32bit(4byte) signed integer) by default. See the help file
; for DllStructCreate for all types.
; An example: If you want to write a word that is 15 characters in
; length, you would use 'char[16]'.
; Requirement(s): The $ah_Handle returned from _MemoryOpen.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns 1
; On Failure - Returns 0
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; 2 = $sv_Type was not a string.
; 3 = $sv_Type is an unknown data type.
; 4 = Failed to allocate the memory needed for the DllStructure.
; 5 = Error allocating memory for $sv_Type.
; 6 = $v_Data is not in the proper format to be used with the "Type"
; selected for $sv_Type, or it is out of range.
; 7 = Failed to write to the specified process.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s): Values sent must be in Decimal format, unless specified as a 'char' type, then
; they must be in ASCII format. Also note that size ('char[size]') for all
; 'char' types should be 1 greater than the actual size.
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryWrite($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $v_Data, $sv_Type = 'dword')
If Not IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $v_Buffer = DllStructCreate($sv_Type)
If @Error Then
SetError(@Error + 1)
Return 0
Else
DllStructSetData($v_Buffer, 1, $v_Data)
If @Error Then
SetError(6)
Return 0
EndIf
EndIf
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'WriteProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If Not @Error Then
Return 1
Else
SetError(7)
Return 0
EndIf
EndFunc
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryClose($ah_Handle)
; Description: Closes the process handle opened by using _MemoryOpen().
; Parameter(s): $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; Requirement(s): The $ah_Handle returned from _MemoryOpen.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns 1
; On Failure - Returns 0
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; 2 = Unable to close the process handle.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s):
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryClose($ah_Handle)
If Not IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'CloseHandle', 'int', $ah_Handle[1])
If Not @Error Then
DllClose($ah_Handle[0])
Return 1
Else
DllClose($ah_Handle[0])
SetError(2)
Return 0
EndIf
EndFunc
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryPointerRead ($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $av_Offset(, $sv_Type))
; Description: Reads a chain of pointers and returns an array containing the destination
; address and the data at the address.
; Parameter(s): $iv_Address - The static memory address you want to start at. It must be in
; hex format (0x00000000).
; $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; $av_Offset - An array of offsets for the pointers. Each pointer must have an
; offset. If there is no offset for a pointer, enter 0 for that
; array dimension. (Offsets must be in decimal format, NOT hex!)
; $sv_Type - (optional) The "Type" of data you intend to read at the destination
; address. This is set to 'dword'(32bit(4byte) signed integer) by
; default. See the help file for DllStructCreate for all types.
; Requirement(s): The $ah_Handle returned from _MemoryOpen.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns an array containing the destination address and the value
; located at the address.
; On Failure - Returns 0
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = $av_Offset is not an array.
; 2 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; 3 = $sv_Type is not a string.
; 4 = $sv_Type is an unknown data type.
; 5 = Failed to allocate the memory needed for the DllStructure.
; 6 = Error allocating memory for $sv_Type.
; 7 = Failed to read from the specified process.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s): Values returned are in Decimal format, unless a 'char' type is selected.
; Set $av_Offset like this:
; $av_Offset[0] = NULL (not used)
; $av_Offset[1] = Offset for pointer 1 (all offsets must be in Decimal)
; $av_Offset[2] = Offset for pointer 2
; etc...
; (The number of array dimensions determines the number of pointers)
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryPointerRead ($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $av_Offset, $sv_Type = 'dword')
If IsArray($av_Offset) Then
If IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
Local $iv_PointerCount = UBound($av_Offset) - 1
Else
SetError(2)
Return 0
EndIf
Else
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $iv_Data[2], $i
Local $v_Buffer = DllStructCreate('dword')
For $i = 0 to $iv_PointerCount
If $i = $iv_PointerCount Then
$v_Buffer = DllStructCreate($sv_Type)
If @Error Then
SetError(@Error + 2)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_Address = '0x' & hex($iv_Data[1] + $av_Offset[$i])
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(7)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_Data[1] = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
ElseIf $i = 0 Then
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(7)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_Data[1] = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
Else
$iv_Address = '0x' & hex($iv_Data[1] + $av_Offset[$i])
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(7)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_Data[1] = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
EndIf
Next
$iv_Data[0] = $iv_Address
Return $iv_Data
EndFunc
;=================================================================================================
; Function: _MemoryPointerWrite ($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $av_Offset, $v_Data(, $sv_Type))
; Description: Reads a chain of pointers and writes the data to the destination address.
; Parameter(s): $iv_Address - The static memory address you want to start at. It must be in
; hex format (0x00000000).
; $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; $av_Offset - An array of offsets for the pointers. Each pointer must have an
; offset. If there is no offset for a pointer, enter 0 for that
; array dimension.
; $v_Data - The data to be written.
; $sv_Type - (optional) The "Type" of data you intend to write at the destination
; address. This is set to 'dword'(32bit(4byte) signed integer) by
; default. See the help file for DllStructCreate for all types.
; Requirement(s): The $ah_Handle returned from _MemoryOpen.
; Return Value(s): On Success - Returns the destination address.
; On Failure - Returns 0.
; @Error - 0 = No error.
; 1 = $av_Offset is not an array.
; 2 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; 3 = Failed to read from the specified process.
; 4 = $sv_Type is not a string.
; 5 = $sv_Type is an unknown data type.
; 6 = Failed to allocate the memory needed for the DllStructure.
; 7 = Error allocating memory for $sv_Type.
; 8 = $v_Data is not in the proper format to be used with the
; "Type" selected for $sv_Type, or it is out of range.
; 9 = Failed to write to the specified process.
; Author(s): Nomad
; Note(s): Data written is in Decimal format, unless a 'char' type is selected.
; Set $av_Offset like this:
; $av_Offset[0] = NULL (not used, doesn't matter what's entered)
; $av_Offset[1] = Offset for pointer 1 (all offsets must be in Decimal)
; $av_Offset[2] = Offset for pointer 2
; etc...
; (The number of array dimensions determines the number of pointers)
;=================================================================================================
Func _MemoryPointerWrite ($iv_Address, $ah_Handle, $av_Offset, $v_Data, $sv_Type = 'dword')
If IsArray($av_Offset) Then
If IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
Local $iv_PointerCount = UBound($av_Offset) - 1
Else
SetError(2)
Return 0
EndIf
Else
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
Local $iv_StructData, $i
Local $v_Buffer = DllStructCreate('dword')
For $i = 0 to $iv_PointerCount
If $i = $iv_PointerCount Then
$v_Buffer = DllStructCreate($sv_Type)
If @Error Then
SetError(@Error + 3)
Return 0
EndIf
DllStructSetData($v_Buffer, 1, $v_Data)
If @Error Then
SetError(8)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_Address = '0x' & hex($iv_StructData + $av_Offset[$i])
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'WriteProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(9)
Return 0
Else
Return $iv_Address
EndIf
ElseIf $i = 0 Then
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(3)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_StructData = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
Else
$iv_Address = '0x' & hex($iv_StructData + $av_Offset[$i])
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'ReadProcessMemory', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer), 'int', '')
If @Error Then
SetError(3)
Return 0
EndIf
$iv_StructData = DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 1)
EndIf
Next
EndFunc
;==================================================================================
; Function: SetPrivilege( $privilege, $bEnable )
; Description: Enables (or disables) the $privilege on the current process
; (Probably) requires administrator privileges to run
;
; Author(s): Larry (from autoitscript.com's Forum)
; Notes(s):
; http://www.autoitscript.com/forum/index.php?s=&showtopic=31248&view=findpost&p=223999
;==================================================================================
Func SetPrivilege( $privilege, $bEnable )
Const $TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x0020
Const $TOKEN_QUERY = 0x0008
Const $SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x0002
Local $hToken, $SP_auxret, $SP_ret, $hCurrProcess, $nTokens, $nTokenIndex, $priv
$nTokens = 1
$LUID = DLLStructCreate("dword;int")
If IsArray($privilege) Then $nTokens = UBound($privilege)
$TOKEN_PRIVILEGES = DLLStructCreate("dword;dword[" & (3 * $nTokens) & "]")
$NEWTOKEN_PRIVILEGES = DLLStructCreate("dword;dword[" & (3 * $nTokens) & "]")
$hCurrProcess = DLLCall("kernel32.dll","hwnd","GetCurrentProcess")
$SP_auxret = DLLCall("advapi32.dll","int","OpenProcessToken","hwnd",$hCurrProcess[0], _
"int",BitOR($TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES,$TOKEN_QUERY),"int*",0)
If $SP_auxret[0] Then
$hToken = $SP_auxret[3]
DLLStructSetData($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES,1,1)
$nTokenIndex = 1
While $nTokenIndex <= $nTokens
If IsArray($privilege) Then
$ntokenvar=$ntokenindex-1
$priv = $privilege[$ntokenvar]
Else
$priv = $privilege
EndIf
$ret = DLLCall("advapi32.dll","int","LookupPrivilegeValue","str","","str",$priv, _
"ptr",DLLStructGetPtr($LUID))
If $ret[0] Then
If $bEnable Then
DLLStructSetData($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES,2,$SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED,(3 * $nTokenIndex))
Else
DLLStructSetData($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES,2,0,(3 * $nTokenIndex))
EndIf
DLLStructSetData($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES,2,DllStructGetData($LUID,1),(3 * ($nTokenIndex-1)) + 1)
DLLStructSetData($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES,2,DllStructGetData($LUID,2),(3 * ($nTokenIndex-1)) + 2)
DLLStructSetData($LUID,1,0)
DLLStructSetData($LUID,2,0)
EndIf
$nTokenIndex += 1
WEnd
$ret = DLLCall("advapi32.dll","int","AdjustTokenPrivileges","hwnd",$hToken,"int",0, _
"ptr",DllStructGetPtr($TOKEN_PRIVILEGES),"int",DllStructGetSize($NEWTOKEN_PRIVILEGES), _
"ptr",DllStructGetPtr($NEWTOKEN_PRIVILEGES),"int*",0)
$f = DLLCall("kernel32.dll","int","GetLastError")
EndIf
$NEWTOKEN_PRIVILEGES=0
$TOKEN_PRIVILEGES=0
$LUID=0
If $SP_auxret[0] = 0 Then Return 0
$SP_auxret = DLLCall("kernel32.dll","int","CloseHandle","hwnd",$hToken)
If Not $ret[0] And Not $SP_auxret[0] Then Return 0
return $ret[0]
EndFunc ;==>SetPrivilege
;===================================================================================================
; Function........: _MemoryGetBaseAddress($ah_Handle, $iHD)
;
; Description.....: Reads the 'Allocation Base' from the open process.
;
; Parameter(s)....: $ah_Handle - An array containing the Dll handle and the handle of the open
; process as returned by _MemoryOpen().
; $iHD - Return type:
; |0 = Hex (Default)
; |1 = Dec
;
; Requirement(s)..: A valid process ID.
;
; Return Value(s).: On Success - Returns the 'allocation Base' address and sets @Error to 0.
; On Failure - Returns 0 and sets @Error to:
; |1 = Invalid $ah_Handle.
; |2 = Failed to find correct allocation address.
; |3 = Failed to read from the specified process.
;
; Author(s).......: Nomad. Szhlopp.
; URL.............: http://www.autoitscript.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=78834
; Note(s).........: Go to Www.CheatEngine.org for the latest version of CheatEngine.
;===================================================================================================
Func _MemoryGetBaseAddress($ah_Handle, $iHexDec = 0)
Local $iv_Address = 0x00100000
Local $v_Buffer = DllStructCreate('dword;dword;dword;dword;dword;dword;dword')
Local $vData
Local $vType
If Not IsArray($ah_Handle) Then
SetError(1)
Return 0
EndIf
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'VirtualQueryEx', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer))
If Not @Error Then
$vData = Hex(DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 2))
$vType = Hex(DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 3))
While $vType <> "00000080"
DllCall($ah_Handle[0], 'int', 'VirtualQueryEx', 'int', $ah_Handle[1], 'int', $iv_Address, 'ptr', DllStructGetPtr($v_Buffer), 'int', DllStructGetSize($v_Buffer))
$vData = Hex(DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 2))
$vType = Hex(DllStructGetData($v_Buffer, 3))
If Hex($iv_Address) = "01000000" Then ExitLoop
$iv_Address += 65536
WEnd
If $vType = "00000080" Then
SetError(0)
If $iHexDec = 1 Then
Return Dec($vData)
Else
Return $vData
EndIf
Else
SetError(2)
Return 0
EndIf
Else
SetError(3)
Return 0
EndIf
EndFunc ;==>_MemoryGetBaseAddress
Func _MemoryModuleGetBaseAddress($iPID, $sModule)
If Not ProcessExists($iPID) Then Return SetError(1, 0, 0)
If Not IsString($sModule) Then Return SetError(2, 0, 0)
Local $PSAPI = DllOpen("psapi.dll")
;Get Process Handle
Local $hProcess
Local $PERMISSION = BitOR(0x0002, 0x0400, 0x0008, 0x0010, 0x0020) ; CREATE_THREAD, QUERY_INFORMATION, VM_OPERATION, VM_READ, VM_WRITE
If $iPID > 0 Then
Local $hProcess = DllCall("kernel32.dll", "ptr", "OpenProcess", "dword", $PERMISSION, "int", 0, "dword", $iPID)
If $hProcess[0] Then
$hProcess = $hProcess[0]
EndIf
EndIf
;EnumProcessModules
Local $Modules = DllStructCreate("ptr[1024]")
Local $aCall = DllCall($PSAPI, "int", "EnumProcessModules", "ptr", $hProcess, "ptr", DllStructGetPtr($Modules), "dword", DllStructGetSize($Modules), "dword*", 0)
If $aCall[4] > 0 Then
Local $iModnum = $aCall[4] / 4
Local $aTemp
For $i = 1 To $iModnum
$aTemp = DllCall($PSAPI, "dword", "GetModuleBaseNameW", "ptr", $hProcess, "ptr", Ptr(DllStructGetData($Modules, 1, $i)), "wstr", "", "dword", 260)
If $aTemp[3] = $sModule Then
DllClose($PSAPI)
Return Ptr(DllStructGetData($Modules, 1, $i))
EndIf
Next
EndIf
DllClose($PSAPI)
Return SetError(-1, 0, 0)
EndFunc
#endregion
Vielen Dank im Voraus,
Tobolobo.
Okay, Problem hat sich gelöst. Man muss AutoIT 3.3.6.1 installieren, dass es funktioniert.
Kann geclosed werden.
