Please just call them cheats. Cheese, chair, album and so on is to avoid bans on platforms like discord, youtube etc. (something you obviously dont need to do here XD)
The differences between internal and external are how the cheat runs and how it bypasses detection, internal allows for more features since it runs inside the game and can manipulate it in more ways than just memory
The two biggest features most external cheats are missing are vis check (esp changes color when an enemy is visible) and silent aim (aimbot without moving the crosshair), silent aim is possible to do externally and ive heard that vis check is too but I have never actually seen it done
(take that with a grain of salt, i havent actually made a cheat for tarkov, just dipped my toes into making cheats for some other games)
Altough id recommend you to start with another game that doesnt have an anticheat or a weaker one. Epvp is also kinda the wrong board to check out when developing cheats
Only having one PC doesnt really hold you back (unless youre planning to look into dma cheats)
I doubt that someone will give you the position as an intern or apprentice tho for the same reason companies wont let an intern mess around in their codebase. The best way to find someone to teach you is to just be active in the community, make friends, help other people out and maybe even share some smaller projects of yours